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Vaginectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of part or all of the vaginal canal. This surgery is most commonly performed for medical reasons such as the treatment of vaginal cancer, severe trauma, or congenital abnormalities that cannot be managed through less invasive means. In some cases, vaginectomy may also be indicated in the context of gender-affirming surgeries, where it is part of a broader transition process for individuals undergoing sex reassignment. The procedure can vary in scope, ranging from a partial vaginectomy, where only a portion of the vaginal canal is removed, to a total vaginectomy, where the entire vaginal canal is excised. The surgery may be performed through traditional open techniques or minimally invasive approaches, such as laparoscopy, depending on the patient's condition and the surgeon's preference. Despite its effectiveness in addressing specific medical issues, vaginectomy carries several potential risks and complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and pain at the surgical site. There may also be issues related to urinary or sexual function, such as urinary incontinence or changes in sexual sensation and function, depending on the extent of the surgery and the involvement of surrounding tissues. Long-term effects may include vaginal dryness, psychological impacts related to changes in sexual function, or challenges with sexual intimacy. Post-operative care involves managing pain, monitoring for complications, and providing support for recovery, including addressing any psychological or sexual health concerns through counseling and follow-up care.